Social Stratification Essay

A. What is Social Stratification? 1. Social stratification is defined as a system by which society ranks classs of people in a hierarchy a. There are four cardinal rules of stratification: †¢ Social stratification is a characteristic of society — non merely due to single differences †¢ Social stratification persists over coevalss †¢ Yet. most societies allow some kind of societal mobility or alterations in people’s place in a system of societal stratification †¢ Social mobility may be upward. downward. or horizontal †¢ Social stratification is cosmopolitan but variable ( it changes ) †¢ Social stratification involves both inequality and beliefs 2. Social Stratification is patterned societal inequality. It is besides the unequal distribution of social resources. Stating that inequality is patterned indicates that the differences occur: a. on a wide-scale footing b. with regularity c. and along lines of certain specific. identifiable features ( race. category. and gender ) 3. Stratification is normally based on three major premises: a. Power: the ability to enforce one’s will on others b. Prestige: the regard given by othersc. Property: signifiers of wealth 4. Patterned: if we know whether a individual or group possesses or does non possess certain traits. so we will be able to foretell with sensible truth how this individual or group is likely to do in the societal hierarchy a. Social Hierarchy: A set of graded positions 5. Social Inequality: Some types of people consistently experience advantages in society while other types of people are consistently disadvantaged in our society a. Some members of our society are thought of as rich persons. and others are thought of as poor persons. B. The finding of who is socially advantaged and who is included among the ranks of the socially disadvantaged is based. in portion. on certain features these persons possess and. in portion. on how society values or devalues these features 6. Social stratification affects people’s lives and can be manifested in assorted ways in society. 7. Social Inequality is a structured and systematic phenomenon that affects people in assorted societal categories throughout their lives. a. Because of this patterned inequality. societal stratification affects people’s life opportunities: †¢ Life Opportunities: Opportunities that persons do or make no hold to prosecute in certain activities. and the chances that the y do or make non hold to carry through certain ends merely because of where they are located in the societal hierarchy ( ex. Smart kids born into wealth vs. hapless households ) B. Caste and Class Systems †¢ People are divided into different groupings and their lives are structured harmonizing to these groupings. There are certain things that some people can non make. merely because their station in life prevents them from being able to make them. †¢ Other people. in a different societal stratum. are able to make these things specifically because they occupy a more favourable place in the societal hierarchy. †¢ Depending on how much single mobility is possible ; societies may be classified as either a caste system or a category system. 1. A caste system amounts to societal stratification based on attribution a. A caste system consists of a fixed agreement of strata from the most to the least privileged. with a person’s place determined unchangeably at birth. B. The most extended modern-day illustration of a caste system is found in India. particularly in rural countries. c. Caste favoritism is officially illegal but exists however. The traditional castes of India: †¢ Brahmans: largely priests and bookmans.†¢ Kshatriyas: warriors. swayers. and big landowners†¢ Vaishyas: merchandisers. husbandmans. and skilled craftsmans.†¢ Sudras: labourers and unskilled craftsmans.†¢ Untouchables: Sometimes called â€Å"untouchables. † they are ranked so low that. technically. they are outside the caste system itself. d. Caste boundaries in India are reinforced farther by the pattern of ritual pollution or ritual turning away. e. A caste system may be determined by many cultural and cultural factors. European imperial powers in Africa imposed a caste system based on skin colour: all Whites were in a higher place or caste than any nonwhite f. Caste systems form people’s lives in four important ways: †¢ Caste system mostly determines business†¢ Caste systems mostly mandate intermarriages†¢ Powerful cultural beliefs underlie caste systems†¢ Caste systems limit out group societal contacts g. Although caste influences remains strong in India. the state of affairs is altering due to communicating. transit. industrialisation. and the growing of a in-between category. 2. In a category system. societal stratification is based on single accomplishment a. Class Systems. Peoples who can be considered equals in society because of their similar life opportunities. similar life fortunes. and similar chances. represent a societal category. †¢ In a category system societal standing is determined by factors over which people can exercise some control. and some mobility does take topographic point. B. In a category system. position incompatibility. the grade of consistence of a person’s societal standing across assorted dimensions of societal inequality. is lower than in a caste system c. Structural societal mobility: a displacement in societal place of big Numberss of people due more to alterations in society itself than single attempts ( Ex. Computer Industry ) d. Stra tification persists because it is backed up by an political orientation: cultural beliefs that straight or indirectly justify societal stratification e. Ideological support for inequality. An political orientation or form of beliefs justifies societal inequality in the Unites States. which legitimizes or justifies a peculiar social agreement. †¢ Ideological Hegemony: Refers to the control over the production of cultural symbols. †¢ One of Karl Marx’s celebrated quotation marks is: â€Å"the governing thoughts of any era are the thoughts of the opinion category because they control the mental agencies of production. †¢ Thus. the elite has many arms at their disposal in order to maintain society and the lower categories under control. Two of the chief ways are the usage of force. and the mass media. †¢ Force: utilize the constabulary. military. National Guard. FBI. etc. †¢ In the long tally. it depends on legitimacy in order to keep stratification. †¢ This is the belief that bing societal and political establishments are the best one’s for society. †¢ All opinion elect uses their pla ce at the top of society to make an political orientation. †¢ This is a complex set of beliefs. values. and norms. which rationalize and back up the elite’s power and privileges. †¢ The dominant or most of import and valued thoughts in history have been the thoughts of the opinion category. †¢ The Government or large corporations do non needfully command the mass media. but the opinion category does act upon what sort of information we get and what sort of thoughts we listen to. †¢ Anti-government and Anti-business positions are seldom expressed. and Hollywood gives us its portion of who are enemies are: both foreign and in this state. †¢ Most of the media gives the same messages of free endeavor. equality of chance. individuality. difficult work. and consumerism. †¢ This political orientation. taught through the mass media. is used by the elite to confound. distract. and split the lower categories. †¢ Marx argued that the category in power imposes its political orientation on the full society. and that false consciousness occurs when people in a category accept an political orientation that is contrary to the best involvement of that category. †¢ Marx argued that false consciousness will be until the exploited stratum develops a sense of category consciousness. at which clip the stratum will go a true societal category and get down disputing the governing category. C. The Functions of Social Stratification 1. The Davis-Moore thesis is the averment that societal stratification is a cosmopolitan form because it has good effects for the operation of society 2. This thesis implies that societies become more productive as they approach meritocracy: a system of societal stratification based on personal virtue 3. Criticisms of Davis-Moore: a. It is hard to stipulate the functional importance of a given business †¢ Some are over/under rewarded ( EX. Baseball participant. entertainer vs. instructor. refuse aggregator ) b. Davis-Moore ignores how societal stratification can forestall the development of single endowments c. The theory besides disregard how societal inequality may advance struggle and revolution ( instability ) D. Stratification and Conflict 1. Karl Max: Class and Conflict a. Marx proverb categories as defined by people’s relationship to the agencies of production †¢ Capitalists ( middle class ) are people who own mills and other productive concern †¢ The labor are people who sell their productive labour to the capitalists b. Critical rating: †¢ Marx’s theory has been tremendously influential †¢ His work has been criticized for neglecting to acknowledge that a system of unequal wagess may be necessary to actuate people to execute their societal functions efficaciously 2. Three grounds suggested why Western Capitalism has non experienced a Marxist revolution: a. The capitalist category has fragmented and grown in size. giving more people a interest in the system B. The labor has besides changed †¢ Blue-collar businesss. lower prestigiousness work affecting largely manual labour. have declined †¢ White-collar businesss. higher prestige work affecting largely mental activity. have expanded c. Workers are better organized than they were in Marx’s twenty-four hours – their brotherhoods have been able to contend for reform d. The authorities has extended assorted legal protections to workers e. Supporters of Marxist idea have responded: †¢ Wealth remains extremely concentrated †¢ White-collar occupations offer no more income. security. satisfaction than blue-collar occupations did a century ago †¢ Class struggle continues between workers and direction †¢ The Torahs still favor the rich 3. Max Weber identified three distinguishable dimensions of stratification: Class. position. and power a. Max Weber argued that societal standing consists ( Of three parts or dimensions: category. which he regarded every bit determined chiefly by economic standing or wealth ; party. which was tantamount to political power ; and position. or societal prestigiousness and award. B. Following Weber. many sociologists use the term socioeconomic position: a composite ranking based on assorted dimensions of societal inequality — instruction. business. income †¢ Socioeconomic position. Following Weber’s lead. modern-day sociologists frequently use the broader construct of socioeconomic position to mention to a person’s ranking along several societal dimensions. peculiarly instruction. occupational prestigiousness. and income †¢ Education. Education can take to income attainment. but the benefits are non every bit shared by racial and cultural minorities. or by adult females. †¢ Wealth consists of consists of the entire sum of money and valuable goods that a individual or household controls †¢ It is more unevenly distributed than income †¢ assets. such as existent estate and gems. and †¢ income consists of occupational rewards or wages and net incomes from investings †¢ Occupational Prestige: Occupation serves as a cardinal beginning of societal prestigiousness since we normally evaluate each other harmonizing to what we do †¢ Because there are so many specific businesss. sociologists frequently categorize businesss into a smaller figure: †¢ White-collar†¢ Professional. director. and decision maker†¢ Technical†¢ Clerical†¢ Blue-collar†¢ Craft. preciseness production. and fix†¢ Operative†¢ Labor ( excepting farm )†¢ Farm worker †¢ If this strategy is excessively unmanageable. sociologists frequently divide businesss into two classs: white-collar and bluecollar. †¢ The pink neckband is a class that reflects the segregation of adult females into certain businesss. such as kindergarten instructors and secretaries. †¢ High incomes normally are associated with high-prestige businesss. but there are exclusions. †¢ Sociologists sometimes use the term prestigiousness to intend the award associated with an business or other place in the societal system. and esteem to intend the award that accrues to the single make fulling the place. c. Critical rating: Weber’s positions have been widely accepted in the United States although difficult economic times may ta ke to a renewed accent on the importance of economic categories E. Inequality in the United States †¢ US society is extremely graded. but many people underestimate the extent of structured inequality in US society †¢ Power is besides unevenly distributed†¢ Schooling†¢ Ancestry. race. and gender 1. Sociologists normally conceptualize American society as dwelling either of three or nine distinguishable societal categories: a. In the three-class theoretical account. society is divided into a lower category. a in-between category. and an upper category B. In the nine-class theoretical account. each of these categories is farther divided into three subclasses: lower-lower. middle-lower. lower-middle. middle-middle. etc. 2. Measurement of category. To mensurate societal category standing. sociologists have developed three chief methods: a. the nonsubjective method ranks persons into categories on the footing of steps such as instruction. income. and occupational prestigiousness ; b. the reputational method topographic points people into assorted societal categories on the footing of repute in the community category ; and c. Self- designation allows people to put themselves in a societal category. c. The lower categories. †¢ The upper-lower category. besides called the on the job category. consists of service forces. semiskilled secret agents. and other blue-collar workers who do non gain plenty to roll up significant nest eggs. These people are vulnerable to breaks in their income. †¢ The lower-lower category is made up of people who lack instruction and unrecorded in the most bedraggled subdivisions of the community and in deficient lodging. †¢ The lower-lower category may be divided into two subgroups: †¢ The on the job hapless are lower-lower-class people who have occupations but who merely can non gain an equal income ; and †¢ The inveterate hapless are largely unemployed or work merely on occasion. 4. Class. race. and gender. These three dimensions frequently interact to bring forth a person’s topographic point in society. the mode in which people are treated. and their ego identify. F. The difference category makes a. Class and wellnessB. Class and valuesc. Class and political relationsd. Class. household. and gender G. The Myth and the Reality of Mobility in the United States †¢ Amount of mobility. Sociologists often focus on the intergenerational mobility of persons: upward and downward motions in socioeconomic position measured between the standing of kids compared to that of their parents. 1. Myth versus world a. Four general decisions†¢ Social mobility. at least among work forces. has been high†¢ The long-run tendency in societal mobility has been upward†¢ Within a individual coevals. societal mobility is normally incremental. Not dramatic†¢ The short-run tendency has been stagnancy. with some income polarisationb. Mobility varies by income degreec. Mobility besides varies by race. ethnicity. and gender1. Determinants of mobility†¢ Social Mobility: The motion of individuals and groups within the stratification system. a. Steepness of the socioeconomic pyramid: that there are non plenty high position occupations to fulfill everyone. B. Get downing place on the socioeconomic ladder: some people begin closer to the top than others. c. Structural mobility: the motion of full classs of people due to alterations in society itself. d. Types of mobility †¢ Upward and downward†¢ Intragenerational societal mobility is a alteration in societal place happening during a person’s life-time†¢ Intergenerational societal mobility is upward or downward societal mobility of kids in relation to their parents 2. Social stratification can be determined by a figure of variables. each of which can do person to be advantaged or disadvantaged compared to others in society. a. It is non needfully the impact of any one variable in U. S. society that leads to stratification – it is a alone combination of stratification-related factors that determines how one succeeds in society. B. Some of these traits are within our control. others we have small control over ( ascribed vs. achieved ) Who can state me which is which? †¢ Major ascribed societal stratifiers: race. sex. and age †¢ Major achieved societal stratifiers ( instruction. income. business. faith. etc. ) SOCIAL stratification is the chief ground for relational set of inequalities in economic. societal. political and ideological dimensions. It is a system whereby people rank and evaluate each other. On the footing of such rating. one is rewarded with more wealth. authorization. power and prestigiousness. It is loosely organised into three parts: upper category. in-between category and lower category on the footing of power and wealth. This has resulted in the creative activity of a figure of degrees within our society. Social stratification causes societal disparity and many jobs as it is an unfair system with monopoly of power and wealth in a peculiar group. It affects life opportunities. life styles and prestigiousness. It creates emotional emphasis and depression for the people belonging to take down societal stratum as they have unequal entree to wealth. power and prestigiousness. It creates a immense gulf between the people in footings of their incomes and a scope of steps associated with societal place. instruction. wellness. and psychological wellbeing. It is clearly perceived that disparity causes pandemonium in society. These are the faltering blocks in the manner to come on and development of the state.

Samuel Adams

Samuel Adams: An American View of the Stamp Act Samuel Adams writes a letter to his English friend, John Smith, defending the American’s side of the new imperial taxation and control. He describes the colonists thinking of the act as â€Å"both burdensome and unconstitutional. † They feel as if they are not represented as they should be and that their rights as Englishmen are being taken away from them. He goes on to say that Parliament cannot tax them consistent with the constitution because they are not represented. In 1765 England passed a new law called the Stamp Act.This act was meant to replace the sugar act because that act did not work. It taxed all printed items. England felt that they needed to tax the colonies because the colonies were still a part of England and felt that they needed to help pay for the debt that they were in for the war that they had helped fight for the colonies. Benjamin Franklin proposed that if England was to tax the colonies, then they wanted members in the legislature so they could be one people. However, politicians rejected this idea and called Franklin a radical.England felt like the colonies were already represented enough because they had virtual representation and didn’t need to have geographic representation. England said that geographic representation would cost them too much time and hardly any laws would be passed. In this letter Adams says England is increasing their power and wealth at the colonies expense. He argues against the point that England makes saying that the war was to defend the colonies, saying that England didn’t do it for the colonies, but more for advancing their dominion and glory.Samuel Adams had a bias towards the American side. Originally the audience was his friend John Smith. However, since this letter has been published it is more aimed towards the English because it is refuting their side of the Stamp Act and how they thought of it. Samuel Adams is trying to get his point across that he and the rest of America feel under represented. I think that the meaning of this document is to let people know that there is just more than one side to the different acts that England was passing.There was an English side as well as an American side. The point was to show us the different views of each side, and help us realize that it was more of a misunderstanding rather than England wanting to take all control, and America wanting to break away from England. I think that one of the biggest misconceptions most people get from these different acts that eventually led to the revolution, was that America wanted to separate from England. However, this wasn’t the case. America actually wanted to stay a part of the English Empire.America and England just could never see eye to eye, for example how each of them saw America’s representation. This letter helped me better understand why this all these small acts eventually led up to the American revol ution. It made me realize that a lot of history is bias. Usually people only hear or read about one side of things and don’t really think about listening to the other side. To really understand history and better understand why something happened the way it did, it’s better to study each side of it.

Son of Satan

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Film of The Last Picture Show - Movie Review Example The small Texan town is characterized by huge amounts of dust and its perception is that of a dying town. It lacks many inhabitants and the streets are short of vehicles. Majority of the few inhabitants are seemingly older and retired or clinging to the few jobs that offer a better income. The younger generation present is only there for a particular reason and is probably interested in leaving for greener pastures in another area. The three teenagers together with other minor cast members execute the themes intended perfectly. This is supported by the many nominations, awards and critics approval accorded to the movie. In this film, the audience finds a moving, interesting and a knowledgeable presentation worth every attention. In addition, the movie provides a historical feel by taking the audience back in time to experience the happenings of that period. Historical Accuracy of the story, Feel and Entertainment Value The setting of this film falls in the early 1950s and depicts the condition of the America as at that time. The film accurately presents what was going on in terms of development (infrastructural and economic development). Poor development is shown by the struggles of the people particularly the two friends Sonny and Jock in making the best out of their lives. Theirs is a seemingly futureless life. They are high school seniors, friends and members of the high school’s football team who share a house and a beat-up old pickup truck. The small Texan town is short of progress, something synonymous with most remote towns of the time. The boys’ dreams of having a breakthrough as football players become less attainable by each passing day. This condition reigns; more so as attention to development is overshadowed by the Korean war. Despair is all over and every individual waits for the start of a better life while also trying to secure for oneself the best in the meantime. (Bogdanovich et al.1991, par 1) In the events of this movie, one ca n feel the historical accuracy and presence being aired. The director and scriptwriter balances the emotions expressed in this film. This is through presentation of a time of great despair and moral decadence in America while also introducing an element of hope at the long last. The time chosen as the best time to set this film does the accuracy of events great justice. Sonny and Duane attributes especially in relation to their social life complements the historical depiction of the Texan town. It is seen as a way of getting out or seeking solace for all that is not going right. Their sexual escapades contradict the bible-thumping and catholic adherence nature prevalent in the times. Nevertheless, â€Å"The Last Picture Show† contrasts the way that people hold the moral occurrences of the fifties. In an insightful manner, the issue of sexuality and morality, as compared to the current times, may seem less minimal in the period in which the film is set. This is contrary to tha t notion thus makes the film more intriguing and captivating to watch. Naturally, one would think that there was less prevalence of moral decadence and casual sexual escapades in the fifties but the film provides

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example for Free

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Disclaimer: Let’s avoid abortion, the death penalty, gun rights, and gay marriage for this assignment unless you can convince me you have a fresh spin or take on it. These topics have been heavily used in previous semesters, so I want to encourage you to expand to less traveled territory. 2. Then, choose three interesting rhetorical artifacts that deal with or illustrate this social issue. This could be such things as advertising, films, books, songs, albums, YouTube/online videos, speeches, websites, etc. Limit yourself to only two samples per genre—that is, don’t pick three films, or three songs, or three books, but have some variety. It is possible to pick something very simple—like a single magazine page ad—but remember that you need to be able to pull a lot out of it to discuss. So find something that will be fruitful for many pages’ worth of discussion. Your assignment 1. In your introduction (5-8 sentences), first describe the social issue and why you’ve picked it. Then, briefly describe the three rhetorical artifacts and how they pertain to the social issue. 2. Finish your introduction with a thesis statement. Remember, a thesis statement is an argument and not a declarative sentence, a question, or an announcement. Two sample thesis statements: A descriptive analysis of six parts of [artifact A], [artifact B], and [artifact C] reveal how each of these pieces work to illuminate [Social Issue]. [Social issue] can be better understood by a six-part descriptive analysis of [artifact A], [artifact B], and [artifact C]. 3. Do the six-part descriptive analysis, which will be explained in the next section. Generally speaking, you will be doing six analyses of each of your artifacts, so a total of at least 18 separate examinations. Each analysis should be roughly one or two paragraphs. 4. Be sure to include a Works Cited/Bibliography page with for three rhetorical artifacts. 5. Your paper should total 7-10 pages, not counting the Works Cited/Bibliography page. The Six-Part Descriptive Analysis: In your essay, you’ll need to do each of the following six analyses. For each analysis, you’ll need to follow the Claim+Proof+Analysis structure that the book calls the critical equation (see page 30-34, especially 32). So for each analysis, you would 1) claim that such-and-such descriptive element is present. Then 2) give me proof of that—why can you make this claim? Then 3) tell me how well your artifact puts this descriptive element to use. 1. The six rhetorical purposes (pages. 8-13) a. Creating virtual experience b. Altering perception c. Explaining d. Formulating belief e. Initiating action f. Maintaining action Examine each of your three rhetorical selections in the light of these six rhetorical purposes. Which of the six is the best fit for each of your selections? There may be more than one purpose, but discussing just one of them is fine. So for each artifact, you would 1) claim that X type of rhetorical purpose was used. Then 2) give me proof of that—why can you make this claim? Then 3) tell me how well your artifact puts this rhetorical purpose to use. 2. The seven elements (page 24). Of the seven elements, two are of interest for this assignment. a. Persona. The role the persuader takes in addressing the audience. Think of things like good cop/bad cop; teacher; friend; pastor; reporter; clown b. Tone. The persuader’s attitude towards the subject (Detached, emotional, satirical.) AND the audience. (Personal/authoritative/supplicant.) Complete a critical equation for Persona and Tone for each of your three rhetorical artifacts. So for each artifact, you would 1) claim that X type of persona or tone was used. Then 2) give me proof of that—why can you make this claim? Then 3) tell me how well your artifact puts this persona/tone to use. 3. The VASES—Visuals, Analogies, Statistics, Experts, and Stories. (See page 80 for a brief overview, but you’ll need to look at the entire chapter 4 for a full understanding.) Describe how each of your three artifacts uses evidence in light of your social issue. Use the VASES, although note that not all five of the VASES will be used in each artifact. Remember that this should be structured in the Claim + Proof + Analysis structure. So for each artifact, you would 1) claim that X type of evidence was used. Then 2) give me proof of that—why can you make this claim? Then 3) tell me how well your artifact puts this evidence to use. 4. The dimensions of rhetorical action. We aren’t always convinced by purely logical reasons—sometimes psychological, social, and personal reasons convince us as well. (See pages 117-121). Think of each as these as on a continuum—that is, it isn’t 100 percent on one extreme or the other, but more likely a blend of 70/30, 60/40, etc. Purpose Instrumental ïÆ'ŸïÆ'   Consummatory (A tool) (Purpose in action itself) Argument JustificatoryïÆ'ŸïÆ'  Ritualistic (Offers reasons/justifies) (Participatory/performative/affirms) Structure LogicalïÆ'ŸïÆ'  Associative (Necessary links)(Learned from experience) Language LiteralïÆ'ŸïÆ'  Figurative Describes worldDescribes internal state Evidence FactualïÆ'ŸïÆ'  Psychological VerifiableAppeals to needs, drives, desire (logos)(pathos) Plot where each of the three artifacts lie on the continuum. (Do so in paragraph form—I don’t necessarily need a diagram.) You don’t have to use the same rhetorical dimension(s) for each artifact. Remember that this should be structured in the Claim + Proof + Analysis structure. So for each artifact, you would 1) claim that your artifact is placed somewhere on a continuum for a certain dimension of rhetorical action. For example, â€Å"This artifact is mostly figurative, but it contains a few literal elements as well.† OR: As an entertaining film, this piece is almost purely consummatory.† Then 2) give proof of that—why can you make this claim? Then 3) tell how well you think it works in this case. 5. Organizational patterns. (pages 136-142). How is the artifact organized? Sequence A. Chronological—by time B. Narrative—story C. Spatialdirection Topical A. PartsïÆ'   subtopic (breaking into chunks—unique to the subject) B. Perspectives ïÆ'   familiar divisions (common, often-used categories) Logical A. Causal—cause ïÆ'  effect B. Problem-solution—harm ïÆ'  solution What is at least one organizational pattern used by each artifact? How does this organizational pattern help promote its perspective on your social issue? (If you do not think your artifact demonstrates any of these organizational patterns, prove it—show me by process of elimination how none of them fit) You don’t have to use the same organizational pattern(s) for each artifact. Remember that this should be structured in the Claim + Proof + Analysis structure. So for each artifact, you would 1) tell me what organizational pattern(s) you see at work. Then 2) give me proof of that—why can you make this claim? Then 3) tell me how well you think it works in this case in light of your social issue. 6. Resources of language (See 165-169) Think of these as continuums. FormalityïÆ'Ÿ-ïÆ'  Informality PrecisionïÆ'Ÿ-ïÆ'  Ambiguity LiteralïÆ'Ÿ-ïÆ'  Figurative EconomyïÆ'Ÿ-ïÆ'  Redundancy Plot your artifact on what of the continuums of style (for example, 70 percent formal, 30 percent informal). How does this style help promote its perspective on your social issue? Give me one paragraph for each artifact. (Note: If you’ve explored the literal—figurative continuum in a previous portfolio assignment, please select a new one.) (If you do not think your artifact demonstrates any of the styles, prove it—show me by process of elimination how none of them fit.). You don’t have to use the same resource of language for each artifact. Remember that this should be structured in the Claim + Proof + Analysis structure. So for each artifact, you would 1) tell me what organizational pattern(s) you see at work. Then 2) give me proof of that—why can you make this claim? Then 3) tell me how well you think it works in this case in light of your social issue.

Romantic God Child

Romantic God Child The Romantic period began in the mid-eighteenth century and lasted till about the mid-nineteenth century. It is characterized by a reaction against the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism centuries. They preferred the country to city and the natural instead of the planned. They write in a more free lyric; therefore, stimulating the language of the common people. They would emphasize in the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the visionary, and the transcendental. An easy way to think about the Romantic writers is they are natural. They also had many literary forms of writing: Gothic tales, sentimental comedies, sentimental novels, historical novels, serialized fictions, metrical romances, ballads, and lyrics. When discussing the lyric form there is different ways to write a lyric. One is the sonnet which is idealized with love, nature lyric that celebrates the majesty of nature, dramatic monologue is a speech of an individual character, reflective lyric is used for public or priv ate dignity which personal emotion is involved, and lyric of morbid melancholy expresses the sorrow and pain of bereavement. In William Blakes â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, both innocence and experience is a life lesson of a little boy. Blake is known for his traditional ballad style of writing. In his stories â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† both innocence and experience, I find that they both have a turning in upon self and a heightened examination of human personality. Though it may not jump out at you, I found the children to be turning themselves to God. One turning towards God, and the other away. As a young child we are unsure about the truth about God and ourselves. We also will believe what we are told and anything we are told. In the innocence version of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† young Toms dream made him examine his life and turn himself to self, self being God. All Tom needed was a dream. In the occurrence of having this dream about his friends and seeing them in black coffins, and seeing an angel suddenly appear to free them. Tom knew then there is a God and he can and will see his friends again. As he wakes up the next morning he is a much happier boy, knowing that he will get the chance to have fun with Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack. Tom examined his life so he could go on living with a faith and knowing that he will be in heaven one day, by doing that he turned himself to self (God). As a young child all it took was a dream, but for an older adult it takes much more. As Tom grows-up I think his faith will grow much stronger. I would wonder why is that? We should h ave all have the faith like Tom did, in just a dream. It worked for Martin Luther King Jr. In the experience version of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† you will find a different story and a different type of faith. As you walk down the snowy street you will find and young boy doubting his faith in self and complaining about his life. He says that he may act happy to his parents but he is not. He does not like how his parents dress him or what they make him learn, but he acts happy to them. This little boy blames his unhappiness on God. The one that his parents go into the church to worship while he must sit outside and smile and act happy all dressed in clothes of death. This little boy is examining himself, but also others around him, comparing himself to the other children playing and having fun. This young boy is turning himself away from God. And as this young man grows his faith in God will only seize to become more hateful. Even though people may view and look upon the Romantic period as love stories and heroes, it is like anything else in life, it is not what it seems. The Romantic times also had their dark times and talked of unhappiness. Still they had their own taste in literature, they spoke more modern, more natural or you could say more down to earth. They relied more on themselves and what happens in the everyday life, not a crazy imagination. Their thought began with their feelings and test for truth was an inner test. I think that Blake shows us all how the true test is within. That we must examine our lives and faith in God before anything else. That without God we will be like the little boy in the experience version of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† and we will blame God for everything, even the things that we should not.

Multiple Sclerosis Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Multiple Sclerosis (1) One third of a million Americans suffer from MS and a great percentage of those people are women. Women account for 73% of MS sufferers. (2) MS usually strikes young adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years old. (8) There are even some cases of MS being diagnosed in childhood. Multiple sclerosis is a disease that affects the central nervous system, attacking the brain and the spinal cord. MS attacks myelin, the fatty material that acts as a protective coating to the body's nerves. (1) The inflammation of the nerve tissues covering the nerves can affect any part of the nervous system and varies from person to person. (7) Normal nerve function decreases with the onset of MS because MS causes scars to form on the covering of the nerve. Multiple Sclerosis acquires this term because it literally means scars. (1,7) The covering of the nerve with myelin is very important so that the nerve can transmit signals rapidly and efficiently. Demylelination enables the nerve to carry impulses properly by either blocking or slowing transmission and this is why the various symptoms of MS occur. (1) Symptoms associated with Multiple sclerosis consist in a wide range. MS could cause a numbness of the limbs, loss of vision, or even paralysis. (2) There is no specific set of symptoms that a patient may experience because MS may have affected different parts of the nervous system. Some patients may experience a loss of balance, unstable walking, clumsiness, blurred vision, spasticity (a spring-like resistance to moving or being moved), abnormal speech, memory loss, impotence, and bladder problems are to name a few. (1) In any one patient the symptoms may vary with each attack. (7) The symptoms can last up to days or... ...ave MS are suffering from a disease from which there is no cure and can only have their symptoms alleviated for a while. Earlier mandatory testing should be at the forefront for the young adults that MS targets. > WWW Sources 1)What is MS?, http://www.msif.org/language_choice.html 2)What is Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.nationalmssociety.org/ILD/home/ 3)Multiple Sclerosis: Overview, http://medstat.med.utah.edu/ 4)References on Multiple Sclerosis and Marijuana , http://www.druglibrary.org/ 5)Multiple Sclerosis, Mulitiple Sclerosis Symptom, Multiple Sclerosis Treatment, http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web3/www.pychealth.com 6)My Life and Fight Against Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.angelfire.lycos.com/ 7)Multiple Sclerosis, http://health.yahoo.com/ 8)Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.msif.org/language_choice.html

Computers :: science

Computers A common misconception about computers is that they are smarter than humans. Actually, the degree of a computer ¹s intelligence depends on the speed of its ignorance. Today ¹s complex computers are not really intelligent at all. The intelligence is in the people who design them. Therefore, in order to understand the intelligence of computers, one must first look at the history of computers, the way computers handle information, and, finally, the methods of programming the machines. The predecessor to today ¹s computers was nothing like the machines we use today. The first known computer was Charles Babbage ¹s Analytical Engine; designed in 1834. (Constable 9) It was a remarkable device for its time. In fact, the Analytical Engine required so much power and would have been so much more complex than the manufacturing methods of the time, it could never be built. No more than twenty years after Babbage ¹s death, Herman Hollerith designed an electromechanical machine that used punched cards to tabulate the 1890 U.S. Census. His tabulation machine was so successful, he formed IBM to supply them. (Constable 11) The computers of those times worked with gears and mechanical computation. Unlike today ¹s chip computers, the first computers were non-programmable, electromechnical machines. No one would ever confuse the limited power of those early machines with the wonder of the human brain. An example was the ENIAC, or Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. It was a huge, room-sized machine, designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the military. (Constable 9) ENIAC was built with more than 19,000 vacuum tubes, nine times the amount ever used prior to this. The internal memory of ENIAC was a paltry twenty decimal numbers of ten digits each. (Constable 12) (Today ¹s average home computer can hold roughly 20,480 times this amount.) Today, the chip-based computer easily packs the power of more than 10,000 ENIACs into a silicon chip the size of an infant ¹s fingertip. (Reid 64) The chip itself was invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce in 1958, but their crude devices looked nothing like the sleek, paper-thin devices common now. (Reid 66) The first integrated circuit had but four transistors and was half an inch long and narrower than a toothpick. Chips found in today ¹s PCs, such as the Motorola 68040, cram more than 1.2 million transistors onto a chip half an inch square. (Poole 136) The ENIAC was an extremely expensive, huge and complex machine, while PCs now are shoebox-sized gadgets costing but a few thousand dollars. Computers :: science Computers A common misconception about computers is that they are smarter than humans. Actually, the degree of a computer ¹s intelligence depends on the speed of its ignorance. Today ¹s complex computers are not really intelligent at all. The intelligence is in the people who design them. Therefore, in order to understand the intelligence of computers, one must first look at the history of computers, the way computers handle information, and, finally, the methods of programming the machines. The predecessor to today ¹s computers was nothing like the machines we use today. The first known computer was Charles Babbage ¹s Analytical Engine; designed in 1834. (Constable 9) It was a remarkable device for its time. In fact, the Analytical Engine required so much power and would have been so much more complex than the manufacturing methods of the time, it could never be built. No more than twenty years after Babbage ¹s death, Herman Hollerith designed an electromechanical machine that used punched cards to tabulate the 1890 U.S. Census. His tabulation machine was so successful, he formed IBM to supply them. (Constable 11) The computers of those times worked with gears and mechanical computation. Unlike today ¹s chip computers, the first computers were non-programmable, electromechnical machines. No one would ever confuse the limited power of those early machines with the wonder of the human brain. An example was the ENIAC, or Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. It was a huge, room-sized machine, designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the military. (Constable 9) ENIAC was built with more than 19,000 vacuum tubes, nine times the amount ever used prior to this. The internal memory of ENIAC was a paltry twenty decimal numbers of ten digits each. (Constable 12) (Today ¹s average home computer can hold roughly 20,480 times this amount.) Today, the chip-based computer easily packs the power of more than 10,000 ENIACs into a silicon chip the size of an infant ¹s fingertip. (Reid 64) The chip itself was invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce in 1958, but their crude devices looked nothing like the sleek, paper-thin devices common now. (Reid 66) The first integrated circuit had but four transistors and was half an inch long and narrower than a toothpick. Chips found in today ¹s PCs, such as the Motorola 68040, cram more than 1.2 million transistors onto a chip half an inch square. (Poole 136) The ENIAC was an extremely expensive, huge and complex machine, while PCs now are shoebox-sized gadgets costing but a few thousand dollars.

Managing Life Cycles Influences in an Organization :: essays research papers

Managing Life Cycles Influences in an Organization For everything in life there is a season, and the same holds true for business. There is a life cycle that successful businesses inevitably pass through. They endure the perils up start-up, often on a shoestring; they grow to greater size and stability, permitting the owners to think about building wealth for themselves and their employees; and they progress to a point where owners have to think about valuing and succession or sale of the business (Forbes p9). Your intelligence gathering--what you need to know and when you need to know it--will vary depending on the cyclical speed of the industry life cycles. When you recognize cyclical trends you will be able to determine effective intelligence strategies. If you work in a relatively new industry you will want to identify potential (new or would-be) surprise competitors. Near the end of the growth stage, you will need intelligence that will help hold market share during the market's eventual decline ( Inside R & D, p NA). Start Up Stage The start up stage is the most trying stage. A newly formed company is still testing out the waters. Expenditure is high and usually greater then the revenue due to start up costs and other start up fees. This is the time where you need to have strong management personnel that will stick with the company during the not so lean times. They have to have clear defined goals that they can pass on to their department.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Each stage also demands different talents and perspectives, and new leaders usually have to be brought in as businesses progress. The visionary who is well suited to leading a new business through its early experimental stages is often poorly equipped to guide the venture through the expansion and integration stages, when sales and organizational skills become more important than bold thinking and creativity (Garvin, 2004).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The manager?s job is three-fold. They need to: 1) decide what needs to be done and how it is to be accomplished; 2) continually react to market conditions, 3) make sure his and his employees' efforts support that continually changing vision. Without a strong leader at the helm, the vision of the firm will be quickly outdated and the firm will be overrun by increased costs and declining sales (Osheroff p21). The goal of management is to see that rules are followed, budgets are met, and metrics are achieved.

Volkswagen Polo Advertising

Volkswagen Polo advertisement Marco Mannoni Eric Sabatino Volkswagen, which means â€Å"people’s car†, is one of the most selling automotive companies in history. It has three cars in the top 10 list of best-selling cars of all time, the Volkswagen Golf, the Volkswagen Beetle and the Volkswagen Passat. The protagonist of the Volkswagen Polo advertisement is a student who is bullied by a group of â€Å"cool† guys. The situation changes when he gives a drive to one of the most beautiful girls of the school with his Polo.At the end of the advertisement the bullied guy will look more cool than the other guys thanks to a joke associated with the qualities of his car, the Volkswagen Polo. The purpose of the advertisement is to persuade young people that Volkswagen Polo is a young car and it’s made for them. As we can see in the advertisement there are only young people who act young, for example the joke that makes the advertisement funny is made only thanks to the qualities of the car and the behavior of the protagonist: if the car wasn’t powerful and the driver wasn’t driving hard, the joke couldn’t have been made.The advertisement is surely oriented towards a male audience. If we look at the ad we see that the actors are only students, probably university students. The joke that makes the ad funny matches with young people’s habits and behavior. This means that the target market for this advertisement is very small, it probably goes to a minimum of 18 years old (the age you can get the driving license) to a maximum of 23 years old (possibly your last year as a university student).This also means that the people who are the target maket probably don’t have any personal income and the car is supposed to be a present by their parents. The prototype of the target market for this ad is a middle-class 19 years old student who has just graduated from high school and deserves something very cool to start his n ew college experience in a positive way. The advertisement personality is particularly strong and it promises to the clients that they are going to buy one of the best young and also cool cars on the market.The product, a car in this case, is necessary for almost everyone in the world, but considering the target which the advertisement is addressed to, it is not strictly necessary. We’re not talking about a mobile phone or a high school degree, many young people use public transportations and go wherever and whenever they want with them. The advertisement wants to make its target market understand that Volkswagen Polo is not a vehicle, it is an experience.The stress on the feelings rather than on the technical qualities is supported with a very young advertisement which doesn’t focus on the car itself but instead focuses on who’s driving the car and how he looks and behave. The media used for this advertisement is internet. The only use of internet is justified by the content of the advertisement which could have been felt rude and controversial if aided on television. The fact that the ad is available only on the internet consents Volkswagen to look fashionable and trendy to its young clients and to don’t ruin the reliable image that it has with older people.

Dominican Republic International Strategies Foreign Policy And National Security Affairs Essay

Dominican Republic is known to be one of the US Loyalists around the world today. Primarily, this is because of the fact that the United States has actually been involved in the huge part of the country’s history. As for now, the country is involved in a representative democracy status of governance. Guided primarily by the American government, the country is able to survive the challenges of the modern life in the industrial scene in the society today. A LAND rich in natural resources such as gold, iron, bauxite, marble and amber; a well-watered land that can sustain its population with its agricultural produce; a land that varies in climate from the hot, humid coastal region to the refreshing coolness of the mountains; a land of palm trees and blue skies; this is the Dominican Republic (Harvey, 2006, 19). Its area of 19,129 square miles constitutes two-thirds of the second-largest island of the Antilles group, a necklace of islands that spreads in an arc from the tip of the Florida Peninsula to Venezuela. Its highest mountain, Pico Duarte, rises 10,714 feet, like a sentinel guarding the outer perimeter of the Caribbean Sea. The earliest known inhabitants, Indian hunters, fishermen, farmers, have long since vanished from the scene, victims of the greed, the cruelty and the religious fanaticism of the Catholic â€Å"conquistadores† from Spain (Harvey, 2006, 19). Columbus came in 1492 and renamed this island of Quisqueya, as it was known, â€Å"La Espanola. † The capital, Santo Domingo, founded by his brother, Bartholomew, is said to be the oldest city in America, apart, that is, from the cities of the aboriginal inhabitants. (Matibag, 2003) The barbarities, hatreds, jealousies and violations of every Christian principle, which brought about the extinction of the Indians, long survived among a people kept in ignorance by the Roman Catholic Church, denied every opportunity to gain knowledge from God’s Word, the Bible. For over four hundred years the history of the territory has been a succession of intrigues, revolutions and wars. Even in more recent times little improvement could be noted. In the period between 1844 and 1916, for instance, fifty-six civil wars occurred. â€Å"To maintain domestic tranquillity† there was an American intervention in 1916 that lasted until 1924 (Moya Pons, 2001, 14). Next came six years of confusion under what was known as â€Å"the third republic,† and then the long period of dictatorship styled â€Å"the Era of Trujillo. † National Purpose It is the country’s admirable advocate to keep on striving for the best possible ways by which they could be given the chance to flourish amidst the growing international culture of worldwide brotherhood. Aside from simply being a part of the USA alliances, the Dominican Republic also aims to be independently known as a strong country on its own. (Zinn, 2003, 10) As for now though, the purpose of the country remains within the lines of consideration with which the American government had been providing them with (Zinn, 2003, 18). Likely, the thought is that the country remains to be under the care of the American control, whereas, to be able to survive in the process of global change, the country’s governance need to be strongly in obedience with that of the treaties that they have signed before the American government. Understandably, these treaties involve the free trade the both countries agreed to whereas the economic system of the country becomes highly dependent to the rules of international engagement that the American government has set for them. From this particular section of the discussion, it could be well noted that the government of Dominican Republic highly intend to secure the alliance that they have with the American government as it well provides them the protection that they need from the possible military attacks that might be caused by neighboring countries. To arm themselves of the necessary guidelines that they need to survive the globally connected manner of all other countries around the world, they are in dire need of assistance from larger countries such as that of the United States (Moya Pons, 2001, 18). This does not mean though that the country’s government is lame enough to handle its own issues or problems at that, rather, it is still not prepared enough to face the huge challenges of autonomous recovery from the history of wars and inequalities in their own society that they once experienced. Ideology It has been a plaguing fact in the society today to accept the fact that many individuals around the world are aiming to become just like the western races, primarily that of the Americans. The society making up the Dominican Republic is likely one among the many groups of people who actually want to embrace the culture of the west. In fact, many other countries are in the same line of thinking. The inviting culture of the American people has likely addressed many others in a well influential way that they are most affected by what they see through media, what they read through books and the internet and many others. Truly, United States and the culture it carries are most likely considered by many as today’s most flourishing civilization in the world. With the influence that they are making in the world through trade and entertainment, they are most often that not implying the thought of the need to become like them. As a result, immigrants from around the world choose to make decisions of moving in to the American Society and Americanize themselves as part of their so-called personal satisfaction on personal advancement. (Rawley, 2005, 19) Dominican Republicans actually follow the same path. At most, according to reports, at least 40% of the immigrants in America are likely from that particular area of the world (Zinn, 2003, 13). Undeniably, these statistics prove how much the people of Dominican Republic actually want to embrace the culture of their so-named â€Å"protectors†. It is through this that the modern day youth of the Dominica Republic know less of their original traditions and culture but well know of the American Society’s advancement as well as history and traditions. This is particularly the reason why the situation among the young generation of the said country is most likely focused upon making amends as to how they could serve the best possible way to at least get out of their country and transfer to the American regions. This has been most likely the plaguing situation among third world countries as Dominican Republic today(Moya Pons, 2001, 17). Therefore, aside from being under the American control, the people are also becoming highly familiar with the American society and are thus able to adjust within the society’s way of living. Considerably, as the global scene changes, it is understandably expected that the culture of the world changes as well specifically those of the countries which are primarily involved in lower economic status in the world market (Zinn, 2003, 18). Likely, the idea is that the weaker countries would intend to become much likely dependent on those of higher and stronger standards and governance in terms of social, economic as well as global status within the global relations of countries today. (Moya Pons, 2001, 15) National Interest It is every country’s goal to be able to sustain itself along with the people living within its area of concern. The government of Dominican Republics hopes to do the same thing. Even though most of their affairs both internal and external are controlled by the government of the United States of America, the said governance still wants to provide the best possible resources to their people at the best possible way that they can. (Harvey, 2006, 32) Understandably, the government of the said country continues to aim in making its own economic standing stable in the international scene thus engaging in different business investments that are most allowed by the treaties that they have further signed with other powerful governments around the world (Matibag, 2003, 45). Because of this process, the alliances of the country with others also stand as a major key factor with which it is able to establish fine connections with others thus safeguarding national interest and providing their stakeholders with the best possible values that they ought to receive. National Power The national power of the Dominican Republic actually depends on a much larger scope within the powers of the American provisions for the country’s protection. (Matibag, 2003, 19) Understandably, this may picture the said country in a less-able entity in the international state that makes it weaker in a sense in comparison with others. However, the real national power of the country relies on their people directly. True, because of economic dependence to the country towards the control of the United States, it could not be denied that they are viewed by many as the US alliance that continues to be allied with the country for the sake of protection. On the contrary though, the people of the said country are well spirited and the history attests to this fact. They are also capable of knowing when they are already oppressed and are thus moved to act towards those who might be in a position of oppressing them. (Zinn, 2003, 18) Threat The Dominican Republic’s Status in the International Trade is likely the weakest position of the country in the world today. It could be noted that their situation in the current status of international relations today is controlled by the huge governments that are considered powerful today. With this in mind, it could be described that one particular threat in the country is that their dependence in the powerful governments of the world today might bring them down as well in times of larger complexities that may occur between the relations that they establish with the said authoritative country governments (Matibag, 2003, 19). In terms of international relations, Haiti appears to be among the toughest threats that the country needs to face. According to reports, it is the connection between the two countries that serves as a major link of Dominican Republic to failure. Likely, as Haiti becomes one among the poorest countries around the world, Dominican Republic never cease to increase in terms of economic stability and power as it continues to stay in link with that of the American government (Harvey, 2006, 31). The issue is that as the other country survives, how well is it willing to support its neighboring country in its struggle for survival in a global challenge. Domestic factors The people of Dominican Republic are known for their friendliness and hospitality to foreign visitors. Their warmth in accepting tourists have actually made them and their country one of the most visited areas in the world. With the said attitude, the people of the said country are now known for their capability of handling the needs of the different nationalities visiting their area. Most likely, this particular character makes them one of the countries whose tourist businesses are really flourishing as assistance to the supposed growth of the economy of the country. Moya Pons, 2001, 54) As of now, the country is a host to multicultural society that welcomes a number of immigrants from around the world. Their asset of being much welcoming to others made the employment rate in the said country also handle some certain changes with regards balance and multiculturalism of culture. Over eight and half people reside in the country and at least 43% if these people belong to different races (Zinn, 2003, 18). Likely, the idea is that the country holds much asset in terms of handling multicultural society as they are at times becoming the host country to some other immigrants in the United States who are aiming to search for employment abroad. (Matibag, 2003, 23) Military Strategy Since the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, over thirty-two years ago, the United States has had just three years of peace where none of its military forces were in a conflict somewhere in the world. The other twenty-nine years saw U. S. servicemen active in such places as Korea, Congo, Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Indochina (Harvey, 2006, 10). As one of the countries well assisted by the American government, Dominican Republic also owes its military strength to the guidelines of security that the American government suggests to the country. Today, there are at least 44,000 personnel in military force but only 70% of them are working for actual military practices. The other 30% percent are reserved for plain security activities as well as for social security programs provided by the government (Moya Pons, 2001, 28). IT is their military stance to handle certain difficulties along with the American government when certain situations arise. As for example, they are required to send in military assistance to other American alliances which are in crisis. International Strategy The country’s connection with the American government has given it a strong stand in the International picture of alliances with other continental governance. With the American government at its back, this country became one of the many dependents of US in terms of social and military influences. In accordance with this, the country intends to use their connection with America as a basis of their strength and power in the international relations and agreements. (Harvey, 2006, 19) To even strengthen their stand, Dominican Republic carried several policies that make their status in the global connections well recognized by other governments. However, because of the control that the American government has on their regulations with regards international connections, their alliances with others that are solely decided upon their own government become rather limited to certain chosen societies that are rather pre-approved by the regulations and treaties that they have signed with America (Matibag, 2003, 52). Foreign investments also become rather controlled by the American government thus making the economic growth of the country less likely to take huge leaps forward. Foreign Policy As mentioned further earlier, Dominican Republic is known for its connection with the American government. This includes the control than the country has upon Dominican Republic’s foreign policies. Most often than not too, the country usually handles several treaties with other neighboring countries to handle the protection that they need from being possibly competed with or attacked in any possible aspect of the country’s factoral measures for advancement (Sean, 2006, 59). However, in terms of investments and money issues, the government of Dominican Republic made it sure that they are able to protect their own businessmen’s capitals to their own industries as the law against money laundering had been established on October 2001. For this reason, it could be noted that most of the foreign policies that they impose during international relations activities are largely based upon the foreign trades that they are particularly involved with at the same time. (Zinn, 2006, 13) US Involvement with Dominican Republic Obviously, from the discussions mentioned within this study, the United States and its government has so much to do with whatever status Dominican Republic have today. Ever since the recovery of the country from the strife of the war years, the US government never ceased to assist the country for the sake of regaining the economic strength that they are supposed to attain to face the challenges of a more globally renowned relations in the society today. Furthermore, the 1906 50-year treaty between Dominican Republic and the United States has bonded the two countries making each other rather strongly and directly familiar with each others strengths and limitations (Matibag, 2003, 97). Each of which are able to handle in balance so as to handle as an ace to the relationship that they share. Understandably though, the cooperation that exists between the two countries remains to be the strongest link that connects them together for success. (Moya POns, 2001, 54) Summary Numerous precedents prove that when good international relations produce confidence, it may lead to some disarmament. General friendliness between Canada and the United States, for example, has meant that their 3,000 mile [5,000 km] border has been unprotected by armies for over one and a half centuries. Norway and Sweden have achieved a similar accord, as have many other nations. Could an agreement between all nations achieve a world without armies? With the horrors of World War I, the idea gained unprecedented popularity. (Matibag, 2003, 62) When peace was made in 1918, one of the purposes of the Versailles peace treaty was â€Å"to render possible the initiation of a general limitation of the armaments of all nations. † (Sean, 2006, 19) During the following years, pacifism became popular. Some pacifists theorized that war is the worst thing that can befall a nation and is therefore worse than suffering defeat. Opponents of pacifism disagreed, pointing out that over the centuries, Jews in large areas put up little armed resistance to attackers, yet cruel attempts to exterminate them continued. Africans had little opportunity to resist those who brought them as slaves to the Americas, and yet they were cruelly mistreated for centuries. With the outbreak of World War II, however, many pacifists concluded that countries need protection. So when the United Nations was established after World War II, the emphasis was less on disarmament and more on international cooperation to prevent aggression. The members hoped that the security thus provided would give nations confidence to disarm. Another problem became increasingly clear. Often the efforts of a nation to make itself secure made its neighbor feel insecure. This vicious circle led to an arms race. But more recently, improved relations between the major nations have strengthened the hope of disarmament. Since then, however, the Gulf War and the troubles in former Yugoslavia have dashed hopes of disarmament for many. About five years ago, Time magazine commented: â€Å"Though the cold war is over, the world has become a more, rather than less, dangerous place. † (As quoted by Moya Pons, 2001, 18) It has been noted through this study that the relationship of Dominican Republic with the huge powers of the world has been rooted from the fear of being unprotected from another whole range of war years as history posted on the pages of the said country’s history. It has been through this too that many other third world countries around the world seek the protection of larger controlling governments for the sake of feeling safely endowed within their protection although at times the said relations are rather disadvantageous on their part. Conclusion During the Spanish-American War of 1898 Britain and the United States drew still closer together. This is pointed out by the New Cambridge Modern History by G. N. Clark (2000), p. 580: â€Å"A war in which the United States was subsequently engaged with Spain cemented this feeling. The government and the people of the United States recognized the advantage which they derived from the goodwill of Great Britain in the hour of their necessity, and the two nations drew together as no other two nations had perhaps ever been drawn together before. † This close relationship has continued into the twentieth century, as we have seen, resulting in a dual world power. Showing that this world power still has a powerful position in world affairs, The Washington Post, in its issue of September 28, 1969, commented on the military presence of the United States in other countries (as quoted by Rawley, 2005, 32). It observed that this presence exists in sixty-eight foreign countries and then said: â€Å"Truly, the sun never sets on America’s bewildering military entanglements† (Clark, 2000, 87). Thus the influence of the Anglo-American world power is still felt world wide even though Great Britain no longer has the vast empire she once had. But now this influence is being challenged by the Communist nations. With this truth in mind, it should be understood why smaller and weaker countries such as the Dominican Republic actually console themselves to feel protected from the possible attack of larger countries against them in case complexities of international relations arise. References: Harvey, Sean (January 2006). The Rough Guide to The Dominican Republic. Rough Guides, 59. ISBN 1-84353-497-5. Matibag, Eugenio (2003). Haitian-Dominican Counterpoint: Nation, State, and Race on Hispaniola. Macmillan. ISBN 0312294328. Moya Pons, Frank. (2001). The Dominican Republic, A National History, 147-149. Zinn, Howard (2003). A People’s History of the United States 1492 – Present. HarperCollins, 7. ISBN 0060528427. Rawley, James A. ; Behrendt, Stephen D. (2005). The Transatlantic Slave Trade: A History. University of Nebraska Press, 49. ISBN 0803239610. G. N. Clark. (2000). New Cambridge Modern History. Cambridge University Press.

Brian Billick

No one understands success better than Brian Billick. It is not because of his own achievements which include leading an NFL team to a Super Bowl victory, it is because leadership fascinates him. One of Brian’s most noted feats was leading the Baltimore Ravens to a 34-7 win over the New York Giants in the 2000 Super Bowl XXXV. Making the victory so much more rewarding was the fact that Brian took over the role as head coach for the Ravens a year earlier when they were ranked as one of the NFL’s most depressing teams. Two words are synonymous with Brian Billick – passion and accountability.Those two traits are what steers a person to success. Brian was born in Ohio but his family moved to California. He learned success early as an athlete at Redlands High School where he played both football and basketball. He etched his name into the state record books with 21 career interceptions, a record that has yet to be broken. Following high school, Brian was a freshman li nebacker at the Air Force Academy before transferring to Brigham Young University where as a tight end, Brian earned an honorable mention in the 1976 All-America honors. He also earned a Bachelors Degree in Communicationsand currently endows a communications scholarship at the university. In 1977, Brian made it to the National Football League. He was picked in the 11th round of the NFL draft by the San Francisco 49ers and then traded to the Dallas Cowboys. However, as a player, Brian never got the opportunity to hit the field. Instead, he was hired as the assistant director of public relations for San Francisco for the next two years. He spent much of the 1980s coaching college teams such as San Diego State University, Utah State University and Stanford University.â€Å"BRIAN BILLICK† Page 2 As a coach, he quickly learned there is no â€Å"I† in team and that was something he instilled in each player. To Brian, coaching is more than teaching the plays of the game, it i s teaching the values that make a team player. The success of a team is determined by working together towards a common goal. Each player must have the passion. As with any goal, reaching it requires 100 percent dedication. If a person can not commit to every aspect that comes with the territory then they lack the passionneeded to survive. The other important influence in a successful team is accountability. The task requires working together without selfishness but a person must also be willing to take responsibility for one’s actions. Brian feels it is a sign of respect for the team. Brian practices what he preaches. He joined the Ravens in 1999 and led the team into post- season playoffs every year since except twice and he takes accountability for those two years. As the team’s leader, he felt responsible but it did not discourage him from finding new ways to guide the team in the right direction.Throughout his career, Brian earned the reputation of being more than just a great leader but also a motivator. He knows the values that make a person a leader are something that can be taught. Bringing out those qualities in a person by influencing their behavior, attitude and actions are what leadership is all about. Brian began his NFL coaching career with the Minnesota Vikings in 1992 when he was first hired as the tight end coach and by the following year, he was named offensive coordinator for the Vikings. His leadership skills brought out success in the Vikings’ camp and in 1994, the teamcaptured the NFC Central title. He remained with the Vikings until the end of the 1998 season. â€Å"BRIAN BILLICK† Page 3 In 1999, he was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Ravens. Basically a new franchise founded four years earlier, the Ravens were struggling as a team. In Brian’s first year as coach, the Ravens won eight games. That was more wins than they had totaled in their first four years. The Ravens’ defense finished sec ond overall in the NFL.In his second year with the team, Baltimore finished 16-4 overall in the 2000 season. They crushed their opponents in the playoffs and became only the fourth wild card team to go on to win the Super Bowl when they blew by the New York Giants. But domination had little to do with it. That October, the Ravens were on what looked to be a downward spiral when they failed to score a touchdown in five consecutive games. It was Brian who kept the team unified and focused on the primary goal. The team returned to the Super Bowl in 2001 but fell short when they lost 27-10 against thePittsburgh Steelers. That was still a remarkable feat considering they were one of the youngest teams in the NFL with 19 rookies that season. In 2003, Brian put the young team back in the playoffs. They led the NFL in rushing and ranked third in the league in defense. The next year, the Ravens were one game away from making the playoffs. The 2005 and 2006 seasons were disappointing for the Ravens but things may turn around in 2007 since they hired five new coaches to the franchise. Brian’s leadership skills have an impact on more than just his players. In the seven years thathe has been head coach of the Ravens, three of his assistants have moved on to become NFL head coaches. In 2001, Brian’s defensive coordinator Marvin Lewis joined Cincinnati and his linebacker coach Jack Del Rio joined Jacksonville. Three years later, he lost another defensive coordinator, Mike Nolan, to San Francisco. â€Å"BRIAN BILLICK† Page 4 It was shortly after winning the Super Bowl in 2000 that Brian, along with Dr. James A. Peterson wrote the book: Competitive Leadership: Twelve Principles for Success.This book talks about the keys to being successful and being a leader, not only on the football field but in life in general. The book also talks about how leadership is not about authority. Being a strong leader is being willing to always learn more and not think you al ready have all of the answers. An important key in any leader is the ability to ask questions. It is not about being perfect, it is about being effective. Brian also spends a large majority of his time speaking to corporations about leadership skills. Brian also spends time improving the community and doing his part forcharities. NFL Hall of Fame coach Bill Walsh joined Brian and Dr. Peterson in writing the book: Finding the Winning Edge. This book focuses more on football and is a guide for developing a winning NFL team. Despite his coaching schedule, charity work and public speaking engagements, Brian still finds enjoyment in studying leadership. Whether it be from hands on experience on the field or from the history of past leaders, learning builds an effective leader. Brian values education and it is interesting to note that he was once a contestant on the game show Jeopardy and The MatchGame in 1977. At age 53, Brian continues to help others build the characteristics needed to succeed. Along with the success comes the ability to be a leader, a teacher, a coach and a mentor. All of the qualities that make a person strong enough to take on that role can be learned through motivation. Brian prides himself on passion and accountability – the two traits that make him an admired leader. SOURCES The Baltimore Ravens. â€Å"Brian Billick. † (2006). Accessed 3 March, 2007. http://www. baltimoreravens. com/includes/bio. jsp? id+=1180&personType=0The Baltimore Worldwide Speakers Bureau. â€Å"Brian Billick. † (2005). Accessed 2 March, 2007. http://www. baltimorespeakersbureau. com/BrianBillick. html Stuhlmann, E.. â€Å"Leadership Principles: From the Football Field to the Executive Suite. † Accessed 2 March, 2007. http://www. refresher. com/! enesfootball. html Washington Speakers Bureau. (2003-2007). Accessed 3 March, 2007. http://www. washingtonspeakers. com/speakers/speaker. cfm? SpeakerID=3242 Wikipedia. â€Å"Brian Billick† W ikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2007). Accessed 2 March, 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Brian_Billick

Advantages & Disadvantages of Internet and Newspaper Advertising

Advantages & disadvantages of Internet and newspaper advertising The Internet and newspapers are considered two of the five traditional types of media used for advertising. The others are television, radio and magazines. Each medium has advantages and disadvantages that are considered when selection of the best media for advertising messages is made. The Internet and newspapers are both useful media for advertising when they effectively convey your message to the right audience. Internet Advertising Advantages The Internet is the newest of the traditional media.A main advantage of Internet advertising is its affordability as an advertising medium. Typically, you pay for your ad based on the number of people it reaches. Audience selectivity is another major benefit as you can pinpoint specific audiences by site. Tracking results of Internet ads is also a strength. Online sites have great tracking tools to track unique visitors, visits, page views and impressions on the pages your ads are on. Versatility is another advantage. You can place banner ads of various sizes, pop-up ads, text ads and streaming audio and video ads. Internet Advertising DisdvantagesLimited click-through rates are a burden with Internet advertising. People often ignore banner ads and avoid pop-up ads and other online ad types. Uncertainty with what works through online advertising is a significant disadvantage as well. As the newest of the traditional media types, Internet advertising is still evolving. Technology, such as pop-up ad blockers, helps web users avoid pop up ads. In some cases, the audience on the website controls their exposure to the ad, such as with streaming audio and video, and the need to click through an ad to see the full message.Newspaper Advertising Advantages Timeliness is a major advantage of newspaper advertising relative to many other media types. You can often drop a newspaper ad off a day or two before it runs in the paper. Newspapers are excellent for geographi c targeting as well. Local businesses make regular use of local newspapers to target a local geographic market. State, regional and national newspapers offer broader geographic opportunities. Credibility is another strength of newspapers relative to other media. People often perceive that since the ads are near fact or news-based content, they are more believable.Newspaper Advertising Disdvantages Newspapers have a short life. Relative to magazines, newspaper ads have limited potential for ongoing exposure as they are often recycled or thrown out after initial reading. Reproduction quality also affects the print quality, especially in the latter part of a production run. You also have limited ability to target segmented markets through newspapers. While geographic targeting is an advantage, you have to pay for the newspaper's audience regardless of who fits into your market segment.

Singer's Practical Ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Singer's Practical Ethics - Term Paper Example He is strong in his convictions about the utilitarian ethics. He argues, â€Å"As far as my underlying ethical views are concerned, some of my friends and colleagues will no doubt be distressed to find the countless hours spent discussing these matters with me that have served only to reinforce my conviction, that consequentialist approach to ethics†¦.is fundamentally sound† (x). The society impacted by the materialist civilization, industrial and internet revolutions is, to some extent, responsible for the present day maladies afflicting the society, according to him and the basic values of humankind have gone haywire. Peter Singer’s concept of utilitarianism ensures the individual right and freedom to come to own conclusions, and he advises all not to be follow-the-leader type individuals. He writes, â€Å"We have to reach our own decision. The beliefs and customs we were brought up with may exercise great influence on us, but once we start to reflect upon them we can decide whether to act in accordance with them or to go against them† (6). His intended audience is the political leadership, economists, scientists, sociologists, intellectuals and who's who of the society. Animal Rights: Peter Singer is the strong supporter of animal rights. From the scientific viewpoint, he relies on speculative conclusions and absolute assumptions. He is against animal experimentation and argues for banning it totally. His arguments have something to do with his personal convictions and emotional repugnance of the whole exercise of torturing and killing animals. He equates the utility of human beings with that of animals and as such humans have no right to exercise control on the life of animals. He terms this distinction as â€Å"speceisism† and that is as bad as the practice of racism and sexism. He states that all animals feel pain and inflicting deliberate pain on them is an illegitimate action. Peter Singer clinches the issue by highlight ing the physical responses of the animals when at the receiving end of the pain, including chemical and physiological responses to pain receptors. That animal cannot reason or talk is no issue for Singer. The point is it suffers. Singer’s argument is based on the solid grounds of scientific approach and it has the element of unassailable logic. He argues that some of the animals are more intelligent than the human babies and/or mentally retarded. Ethical considerations demand that such animals need to be excluded from biomedical research. Moreover, the onus of proving that the benefits of research are in tandem with the suffering and pain imposed on the animals, vests with the scientists. Will those conducting such experiments take that responsibility? Whether similar experiments will be conducted on human infants to decide the ethical status of the relative experiments? Singer’s argument is based on the premises that animals and humans have equal rights. But the criti cs of Singer stick to their basic stand that animals are not members of the moral community and it is the duty of all concerned to act in the manner that is supportive to the moral duties for the benefit of humankind. Peter Singer is a compulsive controversy creator. Controversy and finding its solution are like alternative beats of the same heart to him. He is the greatest defender of animal rights and equates their right to exist with that right of human beings. His ideal is nothing short of